Does William Wyler Deserve To Be The Most Nominated Director In Oscars History? An Investigation

(Welcome to Did They Get It Right?, a series where we look at Oscars categories from yesteryear and examine whether the Academy's winners stand the test of time.)

If you were to guess who the most nominated director was in the history of the Academy Awards, who would you guess? Maybe you'd say Steven Spielberg, who has made films for a half-century that have been beloved by millions. Or maybe you're inclination was to guess Martin Scorsese, given his level of simultaneous mainstream acclaim and critical adoration. Or maybe you'd go back to the golden age of Hollywood and guess someone like Frank Capra or John Ford, filmmakers fundamental to establishing what popular American cinema was and directed many films still revered today. In reality, it's not any of these people.

It may come as a surprise to learn that the most nominated director of all time is William Wyler. Over the course of 30 years, Wyler was nominated for Best Director a stunning 12 times — winning three times — and is currently the only one to have a double-digit number of nominations. While his is a name you might know, Wyler isn't exactly a revered household name, especially as auteurism has only grown ever more prevalent as to what makes for a great film. Wyler made grand-scale epics, romantic comedies, costume dramas, crime stories, character studies, and Westerns. William Wyler was the ultimate journeyman filmmaker. Very little linked together his work outside of two things. First, few have ever been able to harness the power of a movie star better than him. Second, the consistency of the quality of his films has rarely been matched. Let's dig through Wyler's dozen Best Director nominations and see if his out-in-front status is justified. Maybe he even deserved more nominations.

It would take three years before Wyler received another Best Director nomination, but his Academy success didn't stop. In each of those in-between years, he directed a Best Picture nominee. First was the crime film "Dead End," starring Sylvia Sidney, Joel McCrea, Humphrey Bogart, and the Dead End Kids. The next year, he directed "Jezebel," which also earned Bette Davis her second Best Actress Oscar.

Then came the 12th Academy Awards, celebrating the films of 1939, usually considered to be one of the greatest years in Hollywood history. With that stiff competition, Wyler's adaptation of Emily Brontë's "Wuthering Heights" earned eight nominations, including Best Director. In most other years, you could easily see this film sweeping the Oscars with wins for Picture, Director, and Actor, as Laurence Olivier gives one of his greatest performances. It's a stunning film, and cinematographer Gregg Toland rightfully took home the Best Black-and-White Cinematography prize that night, marking the film's sole win.

Unfortunately for Wyler and the entire cast and crew, this was the year of the "Gone with the Wind" buzzsaw. On the whole, I think "Wuthering Heights" is the superior film, but the staggering scale and success of the Best Picture winner meant it was never going to lose. You have stone-cold classics like "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington," "Ninotchka," "Stagecoach," and "The Wizard of Oz" in the competition, and none of them stood a chance. In that bunch, a film as great as "Wuthering Heights" could still conceivably be in fifth place. Frank Capra beat Wyler last time, but I would be much happier if that happened this year, as "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington" is the far superior film to "Mr. Deeds Goes to Town." Instead, it went to Victor Fleming, which is somewhat difficult to dispute.

Wyler and Davis bumped heads during the making of "The Letter," particularly about how to play the film's ending, but the relationship wasn't totally severed, as the very next year he insisted that Davis star in his screen adaptation of Lillian Hellman's play "The Little Foxes." That contentious relationship would explode during the making of this film, however. At one point, Davis even walked off the set and refused to return until word of a replacement was being considered. Obviously, this would be their final film together.

In terms of Oscar nominations, what a way to go out. "Jezebel" earned five and "The Letter" seven. "The Little Foxes" earned nine, tying with a little film you might have heard of called "Citizen Kane" for the third most of the evening. Like their previous collaboration the previous year, "The Little Foxes" went home empty-handed, which set a record at the time for the film with the most nominations that didn't win anything.

Also like the previous year, William Wyler lost Best Director to John Ford again, this time for "How Green Was My Valley." That film has become something of a punching bag for film lovers because it sports a flowery title and beat "Citizen Kane" for Best Picture, and I can only assume that anyone who has rolled their eyes at this has never seen "How Green Was My Valley," a truly outstanding picture. Is "Citizen Kane" better? Yes, but the winner wasn't a scrub.

This means that for six years in a row William Wyler directed a highly acclaimed film nominated for a bunch of awards and never got a trophy of his own. Well, that was all about to change. And, you guessed it, it would be the very next year.

Wyler was born in Germany and was Jewish, so he had a great deal personally at stake in World War II. After "Mrs. Miniver," he joined the air force and made a couple of documentary series about the war. During his time overseas, he lost hearing in one ear, and in one aerial bombing attack, his cinematographer Harold J. Tannenbaum's plane was shot down, killing the man.

Coming back to the United States after the war, he naturally decided to make a film about coming back from the war, resulting in one of the greatest films ever made. "The Best Years of Our Lives" chronicles three soldiers returning to a small town after World War II to resume their normal lives. Played by Fredric March, Dana Andrews, and Harold Russell, the men deal with the emotional, psychological, and physical scars the war inflicted on them. Notably, Russell served during World War II and lost both of his hands in an explosion. Not only does his presence add a level of authenticity you cannot recreate, but he delivers a soulful, mesmerizing performance despite not being an actor.

The film was released just a year after the war's ending, and like "Mrs. Miniver" before it, it was the highest-grossing film of the year and dominated the Oscars, winning seven of the eight categories it was nominated in, including Wyler's second Best Director Oscar. Its actual win total was eight, as Russell received an honorary Oscar for his work. He also won Best Supporting Actor, so he won two Oscars for one performance.

Even with "It's a Wonderful Life" in competition, the Oscars have rarely gotten the top prizes more right than they did here. "The Best Years of Our Lives" is a monumental American film.

Every year he was eligible for Best Picture, William Wyler directed a nominee for 10 straight years. That is a staggering amount of success. Unfortunately, that Best Picture streak ends here, but that doesn't mean his current streak of Best Director nominations was about to end, because "Detective Story" makes it seven in a row.

This is another stage-to-screen adaptation, but the approach to how to translate it to the screen couldn't be more different from "The Heiress." "Detective Story," which is adapted from the play by Sidney Kingsley, is very much indebted to its theatrical roots, as nearly the entire movie takes place within this one set of a police precinct for the entire film, as the story unfolds over the course of one day. Kirk Douglas stars as a violent cop wanting to uphold the letter of the law at any cost, and in most Hollywood pictures, that guy would be a hero. Not here. His rage and ultra-conservative approach to law and order is seen for what it really is: destructive. But the true stars here are the ensemble populating the precinct, which includes Best Actress nominee Eleanor Parker and Best Supporting Actress nominee Lee Grant (who also won Best Actress at Cannes).

Due to the lack of a Best Picture nomination, it was never expected for Wyler to win Best Director, which went to a more-than-deserving George Stevens for "A Place in the Sun." I'd actually put Wyler in fifth place against the likes of Elia Kazan for "A Streetcar Named Desire," Vincente Minnelli for "An American in Paris," and John Huston for "The African Queen." That isn't to put "Detective Story" down, which is a pretty terrific picture. Wyler's just up against a couple of five-star bangers this year and comes up short.

You may have noticed all of these nominated films by William Wyler are in black-and-white. For his narrative fiction features, Wyler worked exclusively in black-and-white until "Friendly Persuasion" in 1956. This saw the director returning to a wartime setting, but here, that meant the Civil War. Like his previous war pictures, though, "Friendly Persuasion" is far less concerned with the theater of battle than it is with how it affects those still living their normal lives. In this case, that is a family of Quakers in Indiana, whose religion and way of life tells them to avoid violence of any kind.

The script for "Friendly Persuasion" written by Michael Wilson played a key part in his blacklisting by the House Un-American Activities Committee, as the pacifist ideology of the story was not appreciated coming out of World War II. The script went through a number of changes by different writers after Wilson's work that removed the fervency of the pacifism, though fragments of that core remain. As the other writers were denied credit by the WGA, the film features no writing credit due to Wilson's blacklisting, and even though he got nominated for screenplay, his nomination was disqualified.

This year at the Oscars exemplifies the height of Hollywood's adulation of bloated spectacles, with "Around the World in 80 Days" notoriously winning Best Picture. For the second time, William Wyler is beaten for Best Director by George Stevens for "Giant," and like his win for "A Place in the Sun," it's perfectly deserved. "Giant" captures what can make those grand-scale Hollywood epics effective, and its nearly three and half hour runtime is utterly captivating from start to finish. Wyler had to settle for a little award called the Palme d'Or, the only one in his career. A fair trade.

Obviously, the 1960s were a decade of major upheaval in Hollywood. It began with them on top of the world, pumping out lavish spectacles that the audience quickly started losing interest in by the middle of the decade. This led to the radical reinvention of the business and the stripping away of the Hays Production Code, creating the auteur-driven New Hollywood. William Wyler wasn't making movies that fit the Hollywood mold in the first half of the decade anyway, but by the decade's end, his era had been passed by.

His sole Best Director nomination from the 1960s came from a rather unexpected place, both for Wyler and the Oscars. Wyler had tackled a lot of genres up to this point, but he hadn't really made a horror film. Well, in 1965, he rectified that with "The Collector," a story about a man who abducts a young woman to hold her captive in his English farmhouse. This is about as New Hollywood in approach as the director ever gets in style, with him working with two up-and-coming stars in Terence Stamp and Samantha Eggar, both of whom won acting prizes at Cannes for their work.

This was one of those occasions where Wyler was nominated for Best Director but the film wasn't for Best Picture. Eggar did snag a Best Actress nod (and won the Golden Globe), as did the screenplay. "The Sound of Music" and "Doctor Zhivago" were the dominating forces this year, winning five Oscars apiece. Wyler actually turned down directing the former in favor of "The Collector." A small British film like this — especially in a genre the Academy doesn't normally go for — didn't stand a chance against those behemoths. At least the directors' branch recognized an old master continuing to push himself.

For someone with a dozen Best Director nominations to their name, you might expect that there would be at least one or two among the list that feel perfunctory, like the Academy was just throwing a bone to one of their favorites. When it comes to the filmography of William Wyler, I simply don't think that's the case. I look over these 12 nominations for the director and can easily justify every single one of them. In fact, I would even add one more for his work on "The Big Country," and I could honestly make a case for swapping him out for any one of the nominees that year, including winner Vincente Minnelli for the rather dull movie musical "Gigi." When it comes to wins, he is currently tied with Frank Capra for the second most wins of all time. I believe he should have also won Best Director for "Roman Holiday," which would tie him with John Ford for the most all time.

William Wyler is one of the most versatile, thoughtful, and consistent filmmakers of Hollywood's golden age. It is no accident that he maintained a career of immensely successful movies for decades. This was a filmmaker whose understanding of story and character was rather unparalleled, and although his visual style wasn't showy, he always knew exactly the right frame to convey what he needed, often shooting dozens of takes to get it exactly right. It didn't matter if he made a period epic or a romantic comedy. He could master any genre, minted the biggest movie stars, and crafted some of the greatest films of all time. William Wyler more than deserves to be the most nominated director in the history of the Academy Awards.